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Alan Turing: The Enigma
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 30 hours and 40 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Audible Studios
Audible.com Release Date: June 23, 2012
Language: English, English
ASIN: B008E2XRJW
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
After viewing the Imitation Game, I was intrigued by Alan Turing. Since the film was supposedly inspired by the book, I purchased the book on my Kindle. To say that I was overwhelmed and disappointed by this book is an understatement. I am not a mathematical intellectual, as is Hodges, and was intimidated by the mathematical intricacies woven throughout his book. Most of which, for the layman are way too advanced. I was looking for a more intimate look at Turing which was almost impossible for Hodges to give until he admits to that at the end of this arduous journey. The film is loosely based on this book, and I use the term in the strongest sense. Hodges tries to make Turing's personal struggles readable, but his propensity for making himself sound erudite get in the way. It is clear that he is impressed with Turing, but he also makes sure that the reader will be impressed with his knowledge as well. Alan Turing was an intense personality, not the autistic enigma portrayed in the film. Many times I wanted to put the book away, but I finished it in spite of myself. If you prefer to read reference material, which is how I believe this book should be classified, then knock yourself out. It will feel like you have gone 15 rounds after you finish this tome.
"The Imitation Game" was my favorite movie of 2014. I devoured the shows on PBS about cracking Enigma. I was glad to start reading this book. Soon I wasn't so glad. The writer, a mathematician, doesn't have the gift for narrative needed to bring Turing, and the group at Bletchley Park, to life.The trivia included rather than pruned shows a lack of writing skill. For example, in early chapters about Turing's schooling, one reads nearly every note sent home by a schoolmaster. But a more major event (nailing Turing under floorboards) was glossed over in a sentence without a comment by the author as to impact, or primary source quote concerning the incident.More troubling is the utter boring chapter on Bletchley Park. How can this chapter be boring? Yet it is. The explanation and sketches of how Turing's machine worked are unsatisfactory. I didn't learn anything from the authors (and I had several advanced math classes in college). I contrast this with biographies of physicists, contemporaries of Turing but written by writers (Richard Rhodes, for example): gripping books that manage to explain quantum theory or the workings of particle accelerators quite well.Absolutely unsettling is the jarring way the author skips from topic to topic. On one page he note that Turing accepted his sexual orientation; on the next there is talk of suicide. Again, there is no comment by the author. Considering how Turing's life ended, one would expect more explication here. Related to this topic is the story of Turing and Bob Augenfeld, the young refugee Turing sponsored. Turing propositioning the minor Augenfeld would today be classed as sexual predation, yet the author glossed over it, noting that Augenfeld remained friends with Turing. An alternative explanation might be that Augenfeld hoped Turing would help get his mother out of Vienna, and did not seek to sever the relationship for this reason. This was in 1941.In summary, this book was slow reading, even for someone interested in the man and the topic. I give it 3 stars because of the importance of the topic and the many contribution Turing made to mathematics and computer sciences.
This is a re-release of a book that was first published in 1983 (and largely researched during the 10 years prior to that), so it first came out in a very different time than today--a time when World WarII secrets were still being somewhat protected, and when the details of a homosexual man's life were still not easy to explain to the average audience without giving offense. Also, it was written and published in Great Britain. As a result, there are many allusions and off-hand references that are opaque to an American living in 2015.Although the author is a gay rights activist himself, as well as a mathematician, and wrote this book in part to try to see Alan Turing's life from a sympathetic point of view, some of his narration comes across as coy to the point of obscurity--he mentions Turing's trip to Sweden, but it is not till much later that it finally becomes clear that he went there to pick up young men. It is never completely clear which of his friends were also lovers and which were just colleagues. And perhaps that was necessary when those men were still alive, or were only recently deceased, but if the book is going to be re-issued, it needed to be re-edited as well. The intro, which details places where changes should or could be made, was not an adequate substitute for a revised edition.The explanations of code breaking is detailed, but perhaps necessarily obscure as well. I still have no idea of how Turing's insights were different than what the Polish codebreakers had already accomplished. One point that was a big issue in the movie, about how the Allies should use the information that they from their ability to read the Enigma code was never mentioned in the book, yet it is a crucial question--the movie has the military allowing a ship carrying one of the codebreakers's brothers go to its death, because otherwise the Germans would know that the Brits were able to read their messages, and would then change it. This is not in the book (fine, maybe it was fiction), but it's a key aspect of game theory--how do you use your hard-won information without tipping your hand? And if you can't use it, what's the point of having it?It is a bit ironic that a book whose title implies that Alan Turing himself is the biggest enigma manages to leave him still an enigma in many ways, but that is the case.I think the aspect of the book that I most grasped and that was the most thought-provoking was Turing's ideas about machine intelligence. Turing was not actually most interested in making machines that were intelligent; he was most interested in exploring intelligence in machine form in order to understand what human intelligence actually is. He posited an extreme statement: machines can (and will some day) do everything that human brains do. But his point was to show that there was no "ghost in the machine," no special non-material "spirit" or "will" or "intuition" or "insight" necessary to explain human intelligence.Like most people, I resist this idea to some extent. Could machines (computers, that is) ever make judgments? At first, my answer is no. But then they made computers that play chess at a Grand Master level (in the 1980s!). Ok, but that seems like a sort of a stunt. Recently IBM's Watson beat Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter at Jeopardy. Still, it seems more like looking things up on Wikipedia really fast, rather than actually thinking. But then I read that Watson is actually being used to diagnose illnesses, and that computers are more accurate than physicians, less liable to be led astray by forgetting or overlooking or dismissing crucial details. Hmmm, In advance, I would have said that the ability to diagnose a disease was an example par excellence of the sort of human judgment that computers would never have. And if they can drive our cars, and avoid accidents better than human drivers? Who would have thought it? Apparently the answer is, Alan Turing would have!One off-hand remark in the afterword is that the author wonders if some day, a computer will be able to write a book such as his. Unimaginable, I think. But my daughter reminds me that computers already compose news items (rather badly, but still.) And we discuss the possibility that a basic undergraduate research paper could be composed by a computer today, and I think the answer is Yes. I can imagine that one could teach a computer to write a paper that discusses Domestic Violence, pulling together statistics on its frequency, demographics,causes, effects on children, possible solutions, and so forth.I am left still puzzled by Alan Turing, finding it hard to picture him as a man, but deeply impressed by his mind, by his foresight and his insight, and I think that perhaps in some ways, he is in fact as significant a figure as Darwin and Einstein. What a tragedy that he died so prematurely, whether his death was in fact suicide, or possibly murder, or even more unlikely, a weird accident. How fitting and how odd that he died by (apparently) eating a poisoned apple. If it were fiction, it would just be too neat.
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